Bone morphogenetic protein-2-impregnated biomimetic scaffolds successfully induce bone healing in a marginal mandibular defect.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To test the osteoregenerative potential and dosing of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-impregnated biomimetic scaffolds in a rat model of a mandibular defect. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study using an animal model. METHODS Varied doses of BMP-2 (0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5 in microspheres, 5, and 15 μg) were absorbed onto a biomimetic scaffold. Scaffolds were then implanted into marginal mandibular defects in rats. Blank scaffolds and unfilled defects were used as negative controls. Two months postoperatively, bone healing was analyzed with microcomputerized tomography (microCT). RESULTS MicroCT analysis demonstrated that all doses of BMP-2 induced successful healing of marginal mandibular defects in a rat mandible. Increasing doses of BMP-2 on the scaffolds produced increased tissue healing, with 15 μg demonstrating significantly more healing than all other dosing (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS BMP-2-impregnated biomimetic scaffolds successfully induce bone healing in a marginal mandibular defect in the rat. Percentage healing of defect, percentage of bone within healed tissue, and total bone volume are all a function of BMP-2 dosing. There appears to be an optimal dose of 5 μg beyond which there is no increase in bone volume. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.